TCP/IP PROTOCOL LAYERS !!

What is TCP/IP?

• Transmission control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• Developed by DARPA
• No official protocol standard

TCP/IP Layers

1. Application
2. Transport
3. Internet
4. Network Access (Host-to-network)

Application Layer

• Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog control.
• The TCP/IP combines all application-related issues into one layer, and assures this data is properly packaged for the next layer.
  • FTP, HTTP, SMNP, DNS ...
  • Format of data, data structure, encode …
  • Dialog control, session management …

Transport Layer

• The transport layer deals with the quality-of-service issues of reliability, flow control, and error correction.
  Segments, data stream, datagram.
  • Connection oriented and connectionless.
  • Transmission control protocol (TCP).
  • User datagram protocol (UDP).
  • End-to-end flow control.
  • Error detection and recovery.

Internet Layer

• Send source packets from any network on the internetwork and have them arrive at the destination independent of the path and networks they took to get there.
  • Packets, Logical addressing.
  • Internet Protocol (IP).
  • Route , routing table, routing protocol.

Network Access Layer

• Concerned with all of the issues that an IP packet requires to actually make the physical link. All the details in the OSI physical and data link layers.
  • Electrical, mechanical, procedural and functional specifications.
  • Data rate, Distances, Physical connector.
  • Frames, physical addressing.
  • Synchronization, flow control, error control.

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