Who is ATATURK ?

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (pronounced [Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkisharmy officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament.[1]Atatürk was a military officer during World War I.[2] Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, eventually leading to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular nation-state. Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, and women were given equal civil and political rights, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced.[3] His government also carried out an extensive policy of Turkification.[4][5][6][7] The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism.

Contents

• 1Early life
• 2Military career
  • 2.1Early years
  • 2.2Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)
  • 2.3Balkan Wars (1912–13)
  • 2.4First World War (1914–18)
  • 2.5Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922)
• 3Establishment of the Republic of Turkey
• 4Presidency
  • 4.1Domestic policies
    • 4.1.1Emergence of the state, 1923–1924
    • 4.1.2Civic independence and the Caliphate, 1924–1925
    • 4.1.3Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1924–1927
    • 4.1.4Modernization efforts, 1926–1930
    • 4.1.5Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1930–1931
    • 4.1.6Modernization efforts, 1931–1938
  • 4.2Foreign policies
    • 4.2.1Issue of Mosul
    • 4.2.2Relations with the Russian SFSR/Soviet Union
    • 4.2.3Turkish-Greek alliance
    • 4.2.4Neighbours to the east
    • 4.2.5Turkish Straits
    • 4.2.6Balkan Pact
    • 4.2.7Issue of Hatay
  • 4.3Economic policies
    • 4.3.1State intervention, 1923–1929
    • 4.3.2Great Depression, 1929–1931
    • 4.3.3Liberalization and planned growth, 1931–1939
• 5Personal life
• 6Illness and death
• 7Legacy
  • 7.1Turkey
  • 7.2Worldwide
• 8Awards and decorations
  • 8.1Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey
  • 8.2Foreign honours
• 9See also
• 10Notes
• 11References
• 12External links