Hello everyone, how are you all? Its been so many days that i haven't posted because i was quite busy. Today i came up with something which is very important to learn and that is normal histology of umbilical cord.
We all know that when we baby was the umbilical cord will be there which was connected to mother and is cut. So basically i want to tell that in pregnant women placenta will be there and umbilical will arises and it will get connected with baby. Through umbilical cord only everything like nutrition, blood supply, oxygen etc is transported or transferred to baby from mother. When pregnant woman give birth then the baby will come out with attached umbilical cord and the umbilical cord which was connected to mother is cut down by using sterilised scissors after allowing enough amount of transfer of blood happens from mother to baby through this umbilical and its is about 60 seconds. Then the placenta was removed from the uterus and is sent for histopathological examination to pathology department. So finally we will receive placenta and after we getting placenta, we will weight placenta and then we will do measurements and then the umbilical cord length is measured and most important thing is number of vessels in umbilical cord. The number of umbilical cord vessels should be 3 and if more than or less than it then its abnormal. We have to know what are those vessels. Normally 2 umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein should be there. This is gross findings. What about histopathological findings? This is confirmative and final diagnosis.

Histological image

Gross Image

Placenta with umbilical cord

Image source

Umbilical cord normally has 3 vessels - 2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein.
The umbilical arteries will have thickened muscular wall(tunica media) and umbilical vein has thin muscular wall(tunica media).
The lumen will be narrow, slit like in umbilical artery and wide and round in umbilical vein.

I hope you understood it, i will come with umbilical membranes and placenta histology in next posts.

References

• Histology for Pathologists, 5e
  Stacey E. Mills

Thanks for reading,
With regards,