What makes us different from other Homos

What makes us different from the rest of the homo species that have existed, because we are Homo Sapiens, the first members of our species were born about 300,000 years ago in Africa and they were not the only humans on earth, nor the most numerous, nor the most extended. At that time it seems that there were nine different species of homo and ours was one of at least 21 species of the genus homo that lived at some time throughout three million years of history, although this last number is a matter of debate and surely It is enlarged with the discoveries that will be made in the future, but of all of them only we remain.

The work of Svante Pääbo, the new Nobel Prize in Medicine, shows that while Homo Sapiens advanced and spread throughout the world, they interbred with some existing species that some of them have left us as an inheritance. But what made us so special? Why did we impose ourselves on the rest? Searching for an answer to these enigmas, a few weeks ago, an investigation by the Max Planck Institute and the University of Liège in Belgium was published in Science's magazine. This investigation shows a key difference between our brain and that of Neanderthals, a species with the that ours crossed when leaving Africa and with which we currently share some of its genes. Europe and much of western and central Asia was the kingdom of the Neanderthals from about 230,000 years ago until they became extinct 28,000 years ago when the last of them died in southern Spain, according to German researchers we Homo Sapiens create more neurons during the development of the brain and the Neanderthals and this could give us an advantage over them.

The researchers have reached this conclusion by analyzing a single protein, TKTL1, a very important protein in brain development. In modern humans, TKTL1 contains a variant that does not have the one found in Neanderthals and that makes it more efficient at creating neurons.

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